Anesthesia Technologist Practice Exam

In terms of prevalence, how does malignant hyperthermia (MH) compare between children and adults during general anesthesia?

1. MH is less prevalent in children

2. MH is equally prevalent in both

3. MH is more prevalent in children

4. MH is more prevalent in adults

The correct answer is: MH is more prevalent in children

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is indeed more prevalent in children compared to adults. This condition is a hypermetabolic reaction of skeletal muscle triggered by certain anesthetic agents, notably volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. The genetic predisposition to MH can manifest more frequently in pediatric populations for several reasons. Children typically have a higher incidence of genetic mutations associated with MH compared to adults. The prevalence may also be influenced by the fact that children undergo many surgical procedures that require general anesthesia, which can increase the opportunities for MH to be triggered. Furthermore, the muscle mass and metabolic rates in children can contribute to the severity and frequency of MH episodes when they are exposed to triggering agents. In contrast, the prevalence of MH in adults is lower, not because the condition is not present, but because adults may have already been identified and managed for the condition, or they may have less exposure to the triggering agents when considering their overall medical history. Thus, the higher prevalence of malignant hyperthermia in children highlights the need for special attention and preparedness in pediatric anesthesia practices.