Anesthesia Technologist Practice Exam

What is indicated when a patient shows elevated ETCO2 but maintains a normal respiratory pattern?

1. Deteriorating oxygenation

2. Possible malignant hyperthermia episode

3. Airway obstruction

4. Expected metabolic response

The correct answer is: Possible malignant hyperthermia episode

The indication of elevated end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels in a patient who maintains a normal respiratory pattern predominantly suggests that there is a metabolic component contributing to the increased CO2, rather than a respiratory issue, since the breathing pattern remains stable. An elevated ETCO2, particularly in the context of normal ventilation, may occur during hypermetabolic states, such as in malignant hyperthermia. Malignant hyperthermia is a life-threatening condition triggered, often in susceptible individuals, by certain anesthetic agents. It results in an increased metabolic rate, which in turn produces more carbon dioxide, leading to elevated ETCO2 readings. This scenario is particularly relevant if the patient is under general anesthesia and demonstrates other signs consistent with malignant hyperthermia, such as muscle rigidity, increased heart rate, or increased body temperature. In contrast, issues like deteriorating oxygenation or airway obstruction would typically present with changes in respiratory patterns, such as increased respiratory effort or hypoventilation, rather than maintaining a normal respiratory approach. Similarly, an expected metabolic response would emphasize a normal or mildly altered response under physiological stress, not one as pronounced as that seen in malignant hyperthermia. As such, when evaluating elevated ETCO2 alongside a normal respiratory